Puako, Hawai'i 

Potential Threats

Although Puako is one of the most pristine reefs in the state, damage from human impacts is still a concern. The principal threat is that of anchor damage resulting from the high number of boats that visit the area. Recent installation of pin moorings should help alleviate this problem. Other concerns include coral breakage from the numerous sport divers that visit the area. Bubbles from divers visiting the caves may also damage and/or kill encrusting corals and sponges on the walls. Sewage leaking from cesspools from residential homes is also a concern. There are plans to develop the land mauka (upslope) of Puako with an additional 200 homes.